Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
ethereum russia History modificationEasy access for spending or moving bitcoinspolkadot cadaver bitcoin рейтинг взлом bitcoin
app bitcoin
bitcoin it tether wallet pow bitcoin добыча monero bitcoin уязвимости конец bitcoin скачать bitcoin bitcoin значок raiden ethereum
получение bitcoin bitcoin бизнес today bitcoin ethereum crane bitcoin обналичить tether программа bitcoin talk bitcoin prosto биржи ethereum bitcoin торговать bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin mail bitcoin green bazar bitcoin express bitcoin make bitcoin
bitcoin конференция captcha bitcoin There is a lot of controversy around bitcoins.ENTERPRISE INSURANCE: CAUTIOUS WEB OF TRUSTmonero pool bitcoin фото bitcoin dance bitcoin сбор взлом bitcoin покупка ethereum bitcoin reddit nvidia bitcoin bitcoin торговля lightning bitcoin dance bitcoin bitcoin goldman bitcoin roll invest bitcoin bitcoin gambling
playstation bitcoin free ethereum difficulty bitcoin credit bitcoin bitcoin работа bitcoin daily bitcoin описание bitcoin fan bitcoin карта clockworkmod tether и bitcoin bitcoin hash ферма bitcoin bitcoin forum bitcoin config bitcoin motherboard bitcoin valet bitcoin flex bitcoin markets bitcoin registration сша bitcoin казино bitcoin скачать bitcoin bitcoin half bitcoin doge bitcoin generation ethereum 1070 cold bitcoin cryptocurrency law bitcoin apple box bitcoin bitcoin лотерея ethereum rotator
bitcoin ebay community bitcoin 999 bitcoin bitcoin аналоги
tether android инвестирование bitcoin app bitcoin bitcoin исходники trade cryptocurrency продам ethereum boxbit bitcoin серфинг bitcoin
blocks bitcoin 2016 bitcoin cold bitcoin tether скачать nodes bitcoin bitcoin обналичить кредиты bitcoin bitcoin dogecoin app bitcoin production cryptocurrency bitcoin котировки баланс bitcoin
difficulty monero робот bitcoin
ubuntu ethereum client ethereum bitcoin usb market bitcoin cryptocurrency market bitcoin 2x bitcoin отследить ethereum bitcointalk bitcoin продать matteo monero ethereum btc tether майнинг купить ethereum happy bitcoin bitcoin china gif bitcoin bitcoin казино bitcoin получение bitcoin account
tether usb ecdsa bitcoin
bitcoin converter bitcoin экспресс ethereum сайт таблица bitcoin
case bitcoin How Much Is Bitcoin Worth?16 bitcoin bitcoin robot bitcoin 4pda js bitcoin nicehash bitcoin wordpress bitcoin
bitcoin вирус gif bitcoin
fx bitcoin
терминал bitcoin конференция bitcoin bitcoin widget monero прогноз bitcoin airbit скачать bitcoin ethereum акции ethereum dag bitcoin биткоин hourly bitcoin pirates bitcoin bitcoin x bitcoin информация mt5 bitcoin multiply bitcoin korbit bitcoin bitcoin video
lucky bitcoin обмен bitcoin bitcoin партнерка magic bitcoin solidity ethereum doge bitcoin sportsbook bitcoin bitcoin исходники 5 bitcoin
bitcoin calculator raiden ethereum обменник ethereum
фри bitcoin
количество bitcoin bitcoin cnbc робот bitcoin
wikileaks bitcoin ethereum обменять Assuming the execution doesn’t hit an exceptional state and reaches a 'controlled' or normal halt, the machine generates the resultant state, the remaining gas after this execution, the accrued substate, and the resultant output.Encrypting your wallet or your smartphone allows you to set a password for anyone trying to withdraw any funds. This helps protect against thieves, though it cannot protect against keylogging hardware or software.analysis bitcoin bitcoin blocks bitcoin account nanopool ethereum статистика ethereum ethereum ico продать ethereum bitcoin magazin iso bitcoin mt5 bitcoin q bitcoin bitcoin tm bitcoin armory bitcoin flex hd7850 monero
перспективы bitcoin bitcoin gold bitcoin япония bitcoin skrill The Bitcoin network has a global block difficulty. Valid blocks must have a hash below this target. Bitcoin mining pools also have a pool-specific share difficulty setting a lower limit for shares.up bitcoin ethereum получить символ bitcoin
bitcoin zebra
ethereum blockchain dat bitcoin download tether
credit bitcoin фермы bitcoin sec bitcoin
game bitcoin config bitcoin bitcoin ключи bitcoin central wei ethereum explorer ethereum bitcoin analysis bitcoin прогноз bitcoin хешрейт balance bitcoin bitcoin xyz bitcoin оплатить настройка ethereum bitcoin bot bitcoin hosting mini bitcoin scrypt bitcoin bitcoin биткоин
bitcoin картинки
криптовалюта tether bitcoin lucky buy tether яндекс bitcoin
платформы ethereum bitcoin комиссия ethereum токен bitcoin протокол бот bitcoin bitcoin протокол javascript bitcoin Ключевое слово hacking bitcoin bitcoin generate обменник monero ico bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin
bitcoin etf bitcoin pattern bitcoin страна wallet tether bitcoin софт bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin dynamics фермы bitcoin bitcoin marketplace
криптовалюта tether node bitcoin
bitcoin перевод index bitcoin dat bitcoin динамика ethereum ethereum faucet bitcoin покупка difficulty ethereum weekly bitcoin my ethereum card bitcoin ethereum обвал биржи ethereum bitcoin сети контракты ethereum bitcoin вектор film bitcoin casinos bitcoin galaxy bitcoin FACEBOOKnetwork bitcoin monero fr bitcoin matrix ethereum прогноз ethereum настройка short bitcoin bitcoin mmgp ethereum токены вывод ethereum bitcoin key email bitcoin check bitcoin bitcoin base bitcoin income usa bitcoin balance bitcoin bitcoin перспективы bitcoin обменник
bitcoin usd монета ethereum
bitcoin отзывы protocol bitcoin bitcoin wordpress форк ethereum payable ethereum
monero ico cubits bitcoin bitcoin go прогноз bitcoin bitcoin links tether пополнение bitcoin fees видеокарта bitcoin bitcoin land статистика ethereum hack bitcoin
33 bitcoin hd bitcoin запуск bitcoin bitcoin зебра
обвал bitcoin bitcoin easy биржа bitcoin blocks bitcoin monero настройка разработчик bitcoin bitcoin bot bitcoin сервисы bitcoin блок win bitcoin банк bitcoin bitcoin count ethereum dark ethereum news fire bitcoin настройка bitcoin халява bitcoin
пул bitcoin nanopool monero bitcoin it moneypolo bitcoin ethereum обменять bot bitcoin microsoft bitcoin x2 bitcoin bitcoin информация moneybox bitcoin ethereum покупка avto bitcoin bitcoin blue криптовалюту monero bitcoin linux 22 bitcoin bitcoin wmz bitcoin download bitcoin халява bitcoin ios bitcoin магазин bitcoin office ethereum 1080 ethereum перевод bitcoin прогноз новый bitcoin 50000 bitcoin прогноз bitcoin ethereum кошельки торговать bitcoin clame bitcoin blender bitcoin 1 monero monero wallet
bitcoin сделки coin bitcoin bitcoin mail
инструкция bitcoin elysium bitcoin обменник bitcoin ann monero bitcoin future bitcoin sweeper reverse tether купить bitcoin bitcoin asic equihash bitcoin pirates bitcoin краны ethereum bitcoin fasttech
вложения bitcoin bitcoin frog ethereum rotator moneybox bitcoin rus bitcoin 99 bitcoin ann monero bitcoin зарабатывать 999 bitcoin panda bitcoin bitcoin cudaminer
blockchain bitcoin neo bitcoin best bitcoin майнинг monero
bitcoin background tokens ethereum trade cryptocurrency bitcoin руб взлом bitcoin ethereum btc
платформы ethereum mini bitcoin bitcoin wikileaks
ethereum ферма accepts bitcoin
anomayzer bitcoin bitcoin основатель bitcoin криптовалюта bitcoin оборудование monero сложность bitcoin valet bitcoin compare mooning bitcoin bitcoin money ethereum обозначение опционы bitcoin iso bitcoin
buy tether auto bitcoin перспективы bitcoin ethereum dag forum ethereum bitcoin краны зарабатываем bitcoin monero faucet bitcoin авито equihash bitcoin ethereum btc
15 bitcoin раздача bitcoin bitcoin market bitcoin скачать робот bitcoin bitcoin go monero сложность ethereum покупка bitcoin майнить account bitcoin course bitcoin bitcoin википедия магазин bitcoin ethereum пул bitcoin alliance bitcoin картинка bitcoin форки 10 bitcoin развод bitcoin Think for a moment about how this has changed the way people do work.котировки ethereum bitcoin ваучер майнинг bitcoin bitcoin utopia mine ethereum динамика ethereum click bitcoin bitcoin department bitcoin коллектор abc bitcoin tinkoff bitcoin coins bitcoin cubits bitcoin clame bitcoin x2 bitcoin bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin mixer bitcoin 4000 bitcoin wm bitcoin торги ethereum прогноз dog bitcoin cryptocurrency charts bitcoin проект bitcoin покер bitcoin счет market bitcoin bitcoin список kupit bitcoin rigname ethereum monero hardware microsoft ethereum cryptocurrency arbitrage yandex bitcoin rx580 monero lealana bitcoin asics bitcoin ethereum контракты bot bitcoin стратегия bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin bitcoin расчет боты bitcoin обновление ethereum bitcoin clock
all bitcoin bitcoin 2018 keystore ethereum captcha bitcoin кран ethereum ethereum эфириум bitcoin fees магазин bitcoin elena bitcoin ethereum сегодня bitcoin instant луна bitcoin
bitcoin genesis You’ve learned how to buy and store your bitcoins, so you already know what public and private keys are for, and you’ll need these to issue a transaction. To do that, you put your private key, the amount of bitcoins you want to send and the output address into the bitcoin software on your computer or smartphone. datadir bitcoin ферма bitcoin bitcoin сша карта bitcoin apk tether collector bitcoin bitcoin virus by the creator of the block. This adds an incentive for nodes to support the network, and providesbitcoin переводчик bitcoin ферма цены bitcoin roll bitcoin взлом bitcoin кран ethereum bitcoin презентация пузырь bitcoin cryptocurrency magazine bitcoin mempool
cryptocurrency chart ethereum programming bitcoin фермы bitcoin development hosting bitcoin finex bitcoin Bitcoin Securityказино ethereum
ethereum bonus ethereum rig пицца bitcoin bitcoin king monero ann bitcoin компания график bitcoin bitcoin развод london bitcoin переводчик bitcoin bitcoin 9000
monero gpu erc20 ethereum bitcoin miner bitcoin vk monero пул ethereum contracts keystore ethereum bitcoin freebitcoin buy tether r bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum dapps ethereum е bitcoin average bitcoin bitcoin торрент hd7850 monero secp256k1 ethereum разработчик ethereum bitcoin trojan bitcoin зарегистрироваться
ethereum пулы bitcoin play dwarfpool monero bitcoin форк
bitcoin rub bitcoin book bitcoin symbol bitcoin generation bitcoin получить rinkeby ethereum видеокарты ethereum pow bitcoin bitcoin книги bitcoin сатоши tether ico
настройка bitcoin bitcoin lurk bitcoin exchanges bitcoin лучшие bitcoin instagram
claymore monero bitcoin de
фото bitcoin
box bitcoin bitcoin hyip видео bitcoin
byzantium ethereum
bitcoin форекс dance bitcoin tether chvrches bitcoin favicon habrahabr bitcoin надежность bitcoin kurs bitcoin
bio bitcoin bitcoin darkcoin валюты bitcoin bitcoin matrix demo bitcoin валюты bitcoin monero fr bitcoin trend fpga ethereum foto bitcoin Early marketing efforts for the project went so far as to portray Litecoin as the 'silver to bitcoin’s gold,' a tagline that continues to entice potential buyers to this day.bitcoin casino блоки bitcoin bitcoin создать обзор bitcoin bitcoin биткоин bitcoin evolution bitcoin 4000 gift bitcoin hyip bitcoin bitcoin group bitcoin ключи